CHOOSE A COUNTRY (OTHER THAN CANADA) AND AN ISSUE IMPACTING THE HUMAN Essay

CHOOSE A COUNTRY (OTHER THAN CANADA) AND AN ISSUE IMPACTING THE HUMAN GEOGRAPHY WITHIN THAT COUNTRY - Essay Example China is among the world’s greatest countries with a high human population. It is a dominant world economy with an increasing GDP, every year. Trade and development are two vital aspects that relate to globalization. It is evident from the GDP growth that China benefits from globalization in diverse aspects. Globalization, as a process, refers to the integration of regional economies, societies and cultures through enhanced networking and communication. Globalization is an aspect promoted by a synergy of socio-cultural, technological and economic aspects. It has social, economic, political and environmental implications on the china population. Globalization has notable social implications on the Chinese population as a vital aspect of human geography. Globalization supports diverse aspects of culture transformation across the country and the globe, as well. Interactions among the Chinese population and other world societies are responsible for diverse exchange of cultural ideas. Socio-cultural changes emanate from exchange and consumption of new products, knowledge about innovative ideas and transformations in lifestyles. Interactions between the Chinese and other world population gradually expose them to diverse thoughts. The Chinese acquire new cultural morals and different practices of life. Universal tendencies such as collaboration in common invention or trade system and linkages have extensive socio-cultural implications. They empower societies and people through improved understanding of the complexities of their relationships. Information sharing across the global society constitutes a central aspect of globalization. Global networks are forums for communities to share their experience, for instance. Networks may include professional platforms or forums for information exchanges. As the Chinese population interacts with the global society, they share experiences through global networks. This promotes a

The Physiology of Fitness Essay Example for Free

The Physiology of Fitness Essay What is an acute response? An acute response is an immediate response to exercise. Acute exercise will last throughout the full length of your training session. During the training session our bodies begin to respond to the exercises we are doing and begin to feel the changes within our bodies and mind due to physical strain and stress of the physical activity in lots of different ways. Musculoskeletal response Increased blood supply: the increased blood supply occurs in the body due to the increase in demand for more oxygen and this is due to the working muscles needing more oxygen and energy during exercise. With there been an increase in blood supply that means there will be greater amounts of oxygen been delivered around the body at a faster speed due to the heart pumping blood around the body at a faster pace. Increase in muscle pliability: Muscle pliability is the stretchiness of your muscles and connective tissues. When muscles become warm they become more pliable and this helps reduce the risk of an individual becoming injured during exercise and this is because the muscles contract quickly when the body is exercising. When the muscles are contracting they produce heat which then a=makes the muscle more pliable. The warmer the muscle becomes the further you can stretch it each time without the muscle becoming weakened or injured. Increased range of movement: Synovial fluid is the result of joint movement and allows joints to move without them rubbing together and causing friction. During exercise joint changes occur and this is because the synovial fluid becomes less viscous (the measure of thickness of a fluid) so therefore the range of movement at the joint will increase. Muscle fibre micro tears: When muscles are put under pressure whilst exercising tiny tears occur. These tears within the muscles cause swelling, which then puts pressure on the nerve endings which causes a lot of pain. To help strengthen the muscles and help repair the micro tears you need to rest and you can strengthen the muscles  by training. Energy systems Everything in our bodies requires energy and our body mainly needs energy to move. Energy can be generated in different ways and this is depending upon the duration or intensity of the exercise that the individual is performing. Phosphocreatine: The ATP-PC system can also been known as the alactic acid system. During exercise the ATP-PC energy system works between 1-10 seconds long it usually consists of different sport activities like: high jumpers, long jumpers, javelin and shot putters. This energy system doesn’t produce lactic acid and it works without oxygen. When the body has been doing exercise your body uses the energy source ATP. When ATP has been used within the body this energy system is the first fuel to be called upon the body to resynthesize ATP. ATP-PC utilizes Phosphatecreatine and this then allows high intensity muscle contractions. The maximum storage this energy can take up without the individual training is less than 8 seconds in duration. So this means tha t this energy system can work at a high intensity but only for a short period of time! There are ways in which Creatine phosphate (CP) can be increased within the human body and that is through training. By training levels of CP will increase by: †¢Speed training †¢Creatine loading Both of these delay the use of the lactic anaerobic system but even though it delays it still gives 15 seconds of energy stored in the body. The ATP is stored in the muscle and liver and this can produce energy quickly. Nerve impulses in the body trigger the breakdown of ATP into ADP, however for this to continue ad for the body to continue to use this energy system, the ATP must be resyntesized /rebuilt and this comes from the splitting of phosphocreatine. When the ATP is used, it is rebuilt but this will only happen as long as there is phosphocreatine available within the body. Energy is released from the phosphocreatine breaking off and from this it resynthesizes in the mitochondria and the ADP adds on the phosphate to remake ATP. The ATP-P system doesn’t provide a lot of energy but it is used for quick and powerful movements. For example: A 100m runner would use the ATP-PC system due to the fact that the athlete would need a short powerful burst of movement to be able to get off the blocks quickly. Another example  of this energy is for a shot putter. They would use this energy system because they don’t need a lot of energy for their sport, all they need is a short powerful burst of energy to be able to get a strong, powerful thrown and to be able to throw the shot-putt a long way. All these different sporting examples last up to 8-10 seconds and this is the energy production. The speed of energy production for Phosphocreatine is very fast, although the amount of ATP produced is very limited. The time it takes to recover from the ATP-PC energy system is 30 seconds up to 4 minutes. The phosphocreatine works when your body is working at high intensity at around 90-100%. The strengths of the Phosphocreatine system is because the source is stored in the muscles and liver so it can produce energy very quickly using a short burst. This means that there will be a higher force of contraction. There are also no waste products within this system. Another advantage/strength of this energy system is the recovery time. Phosphocreatine recovery time is shorter than the others which mean that the athlete can perform the event again quickly. For example: shot putters use this energy system because they have to perform 3 throws within a short period of time, so because the recovery time is between 30 seconds to 3 minutes this is the perfect energy system due to the fact they need to recover quickly to be back to their top level of performance. To improve the force of contraction, an athlete should do plyometric training and Creatine loading, this will increase powerful movements. There are some weaknesses of the Phosphocreatine system and there are: the amount of ATP that is produced is limited. It is limited due to the Creatine been stored in the muscles and liver. Although it gives a short burst of energy it only lasts around 8 seconds which is a weakness if it is used for endurance events because it wouldn’t be able to produce an explosive and powerful movement. A marathon runner wouldn’t be able to use this Phosphocreatine system because it only releases a short burst of energy of about 8 seconds whereas marathon runners need to use the aerobic energy system because the duration is unlimited and the oxygen will never run out. Lactic acid: This energy system is used without using any oxygen. It is used for activities that use large amounts of energy over a short period of time. The glycogen stored in the muscles helps the breakdown of ATP to become ADP  with no oxygen involved. Seen as though the glycogen is stored in the muscles and liver it is available quickly. This system provides ATP when ATP-PC runs out. ATP-PC lasts for a few seconds; the lactic acid system is an anaerobic energy system which allows 2-3 minutes of work. In the lactic acid system the process to produce ATP is not as fast as ATP-PC which makes contractions slower. When oxygen is not present the end product of glycolysis is lactic acid this causes the muscles to fatigue. Anaerobic glycolysis but it is then less efficient in producing ATP than aerobic glycolysis but is needed for a large burst of energy lasting a few minutes. The speed of the energy production in the Lactic acid system is fast, the energy source is glycogen. Although the amount of ATP produced is limited. Lactic acid is the by product in the production of waste products. This anaerobic energy system is used when the body is working at a moderate intensity of 60-95%. The length of time it takes to recover when the Lactic acid system has been used is 20 minutes up to 2 hours. For example: This energy system would be used for events and sports such as 800m, football and rugby games. The Lactic acid energy system would be used when an athlete is performing the 800m because you need a large burst of energy but you need it to last for a few minutes, as you do for a football, rugby game. Although all these sports would use all of the energy systems in some form. You would also use this anaerobic energy system for football/rugby game because the glycogen is stored in the muscle and liver so it is available quickly and the time is takes to recover is short so it can keep replenishing itself throughout the game. The strengths of the Lactic acid system is that is produces energy quickly, compared to the aerobic system because that releases energy slowly but lasts for an unlimited duration whereas the lactic acid system is a high intensity but for a long duration. This system lasts longer than the Phosphocreatine system because the lactic acid system uses glycogen stores which aid the resynthesis of ATP. The weaknesses of this system are that it doesn’t last as long as the aerobic energy system because the glycogen stores are limited which means it doesn’t produce energy for as long. Another disadvantage is that it causes lactic acid within the muscles which causes muscle soreness and fatigue which could lead to a drop in intensity. Aerobic: The aerobic energy system is the energy system that uses oxygen; it uses large muscle groups continuously over a period of time. Aerobic glycolysis and fatty oxidation is the resynthesis of ATP from carbohydrates and fat. Aerobic glycolysis uses glucose from the stores of the body. Glucose and oxygen are transported by the working muscles by the blood. These substances are then used by the body to produce energy. These substances are then used by the body to produce energy. This process creates the by-products carbon dioxide and water. This energy system is used for intensity exercise because this system uses oxygen. This allows unlimited duration at low intensity. Aerobic energy system uses long chain stores of glucose, this then break up further into glucose which is then used as a fuel within the body. This happens through the process of glycolysis and then in to the Krebs cycle where here it completes the oxidation of glucose, this creates more ATP. The chemical process in which it goes through, an aerobic glycolysis occurs is when Creatine Phosphate runs out, the muscles call upon the stores of glucose (glycogen). This system creates a waste product which is called Pyruvic acid. The body deals with this by the oxygen breaking down the Pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water. However if activity levels are too intense and not enough oxygen can be inspired then the Pyruvic acid is not broken down and it then converts into lactic acid. The speed of energy production for the aerobic energy system is slow but the amount of ATP that is produced is unlimited. This is why this energy system is used for marathon runners and cross country runners because they need to use large muscle groups within their body but for a long period of time. They also use this system because the amount of oxygen produced is unlimited so they can produce energy forever and ever without the oxygen never running out. This is why the lactic acid system and Phosphocreatine system isn’t used for long distance runners because the oxygen will run out. The advantages of the anaerobic energy system are that the system will work for an unlimited period providing glycogen stores and oxygen with high enough levels. This system lasts longer than the other two which allows an athlete to maintain high workloads for longer period of time. Another advantage would be that it can respond to high workloads much more quickly than the aerobic system meaning it can last for longer periods of time. Furthermore the anaerobic energy system is capable of supplying fuel to the cells even  when there is an oxygen deficit, which means that even when there is low oxygen the cells will still get some energy. The disadvantages of the anaerobic system are the fact that due to the lack of oxygen, glycolysis takes place which is catabolic (destructive) to the muscle cells if the process continues for too long. Lactate and hydrogen ions are produced. The lactate is used to continue energy production (current theory), while the hydrogen ions irritate the muscle tissue and chemically limit muscle contraction. This creates the burning sensation and the heavy wooden feeling in the muscles. Another disadvantage to this energy system would be that the system cannot supply energy for extended periods. When fully trained, an athlete can sustain sub anaerobic threshold intensities for 1 to 1.5 hours. Fuel resources are used up very rapidly and the body cannot synthesize fats and protein quickly enough to supply this system so, glycogen and carbohydrates must be used. Energy continuum: The term energy continuum is used to describe the types of energy system that are used during various physical activities. Energy is obtained through food and this is particularly carbohydrates and fats. This energy is transferred from the food into the proteins that are in the muscles. By the body doing this it will help determine the capacity at which intensity the body will exercise for. †¢The energy continuum is the interaction of the 3 energy systems to provide energy to resynthesize ATP. It shows the predominant system or percentage of each system dependant on their intensity and duration of the activity. †¢The most dominant energy system within our bodies would be the ATP/PC. At the beginning of exercise all three energy systems start however as we begin to exercise the PC (Phosphate Creatine) is used up meaning the lactic acid system then takes over. After this (depending on the intensity of the activity), the lactic acid/aerobic energy system is reached between 1-3 minutes. The aerobic system now becomes the main provider of energy for the ATP resynthesis. Describe the cardiovascular and respiratory systems responses to acute exercise Heart rate anticipatory response: This means the rate that the heart reaches before the start of exercise. When the body knows that it’s about to do exercise, the heart rate increases even though no exercise has  been done yet. Nerves release chemicals in the body which adjust the heart rate to increase the heart rate. This is because the body knows exercise is about to be done therefore the heart rate increases pumping more oxygenated blood to the muscles ensuring that the muscles already have a sufficient supply of oxygen for when they begin to exercise. Activity response: The activity response is very similar to the heart rate anticipatory response. At the start of exercise, nerves in the medulla detect cardiovascular activity. The nerves then send out chemical signals which increase the heart rate and the strength at which the heart is pumping. This makes more blood travel to the working muscles faster which is vital as the blood contains oxygen which ensures the muscles can carry on working. Regional blood flow is also altered to meet the requirements of blood needed at working places. This means that the working areas such as the quadriceps when running will have a higher blood flow coming to it than un-working areas such as the kidneys. Increased blood pressure: There are two types of blood pressure and these are known as systolic and diastolic. One of the body’s acute responses to exercise is to increase the blood pressure. This is because the demand for oxygenated blood to the working muscles increases therefore the amount and speed of the blood going to the working muscles must also increase. There are mechanisms in place which prevent blood pressure getting too high as this can cause a heart attack and possible death. Vasoconstriction: Vasoconstriction is when the body notices a change in temperature and begins become to come cold and it does certain things to ensure the body doesn’t lose too much heat. The blood vessels of the body constrict which means they decrease in size and this ensures as much heat as possible remains in the body as there is a smaller surface area and the blood flow decreases. Vasodilatation: Vasodilatation is one of the mechanisms the body has in place to ensure it remains at a safe temperature. It is the opposite of vasoconstriction in the way that vasodilatation functions to cool the body down. When the body notices the temperature is too high, the blood vessels will dilate which means to increase in size in an attempt to increase the blood flow. The larger surface area allows more heat to diffuse out of the body and therefore cools the body down. Control of breathing (neural): When an individual is doing exercise their body  needs more oxygen to be brought into our to the fact the demand for oxygen increases from the working muscles in order to carry on working. This is why our breathing rate increases when we are doing exercise. More oxygen is brought in by the increased breathing rate which goes on to be diffused into the blood and transported to the working muscles. If breathing rate didn’t increase, there wouldn’t be enough oxygen to meet the demands of the working muscles and exercise wouldn’t be able to take place. Control of breathing (chemical): Within our bodies there are things called chemoreceptors and these are what help to detect an imbalance of carbon dioxide levels and oxygen levels in the blood. Chemoreceptors are hydrogen ions that measure the pH levels of the blood. If something is not right, this hydrogen ion can tell the breathing rate to increase to ensure that the blood becomes neutral again. Increased tidal volume: Tidal volume is the measure of the amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath we take. During exercise, the tidal volume increases a significant amount. This increase happens as the breathing rate has to meet the huge demands of oxygen needed by the respiring muscles. The increase of the tidal volume allows a bigger intake of oxygen and also a bigger exhale of carbon dioxide which is produced by the working muscles and needs to be out of the body as it is a waste product.

Communication Reflection Essay -- Business

Introduction On Monday, November 14, 2011, Terry Burnham, Shawn Carlson, Roger Chikamura, Heidi Davidson and Natasha DeJesus were assigned membership of Team 1 for a virtual team project. The purpose of the project was to conduct a leadership analysis of a world-renowned leader, to be presented in the form of a narrated PowerPoint presentation. Areas of organizational behavior to be analyzed include: leadership of diversity practices; leadership values, personality and decision-making; leadership of organizational culture; leadership of follower motivation; and overall success as a leader. Team 1, by mutual consent, chose to use e-mail as the primary means of communication. Although, the planning and execution of the project, was carried out efficiently and considered a success by all members of the team, there are still a number of lessons that were learnt for future projects. Virtual Teams According to Kurland and Bailey (1999) a virtual team â€Å"consists of team members who are geographically dispersed and who come together by way of telecommunications technology. Each team member may be located in a traditional office setting, but the offices are not proximate to one another† (p. 56). This definition is supported by Berry (2011) who adds that the two main differences between virtual and regular teams are that the members of virtual teams may be dispersed geographically and rely predominately on computer-mediated communication. As stated by Robbins and Judge (2011) virtual teams face a number of particular challenges. Members experience very little social interaction and do not feel the benefit of the usual give-and-take experienced by teams. They tend to be more task-orientated and members often report less satisfactio... ...n be taken away from this project is that virtual teams work well when members are motivated and focused. But, had one, or more, members been uncommunicative, unreliable, or comfortable with the use of email as a primary means of communication, the team may have struggled to reach its goal. Other means of communication would have been required, and a more authoritarian form of leadership needed to keep the whole team focused. â€Æ' References Berry, G. R. (2011). Enhancing Effectiveness on Virtual Teams. Journal Of Business Communication, 48(2), 186-206. doi:10.1177/0021943610397270 Kurland, N.B., & Bailey, D.E. (1999). Telework: The advantages and challenges of working here, there, anywhere, and anytime. Organizational Dynamics, Autumn, 53-68. Robbins, S.P., & Judge, T.A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall

Holidays in Vietnam Speaking topic Essay

HOLIDAYS IN VIETNAM (Cà ¡c Ngà  y Lá »â€¦ á »Å¾ Viá »â€¡t Nam) Liberation Day/Reunification Day – April 30 (Ngà  y Giá º £i phà ³ng miá » n Nam thá »â€˜ng nhá º ¥t Ä‘á º ¥t nÆ °Ã¡ »â€ºc) International Workers’ Day – May 1 (Ngà  y Quá »â€˜c tá º ¿ Lao Ä‘á »â„¢ng) National Day (Vietnam) – September 2 (Quá »â€˜c khà ¡nh) New Year – January 1 (Tá º ¿t DÆ °Ã† ¡ng Lá »â€¹ch) Tá º ¿t (Vietnamese New Year) (Tá º ¿t Nguyà ªn Ä Ãƒ ¡n) Hung Kings Commemorations – 10th day of the 3rd lunar month (Giá »â€" tá »â€¢ Hà ¹ng VÆ °Ã† ¡ng) Hung Kings’ Temple Festival (Lá »â€¦ há »â„¢i Ä Ã¡ » n Hà ¹ng) Communist Party of Viet Nam Foundation Anniversary – February 3 (Ngà  y thà  nh lá º ­p Ä Ã¡ º £ng) International Women’s Day – March 8 (Quá »â€˜c tá º ¿ Phá » ¥ ná » ¯) Dien Bien Phu Victory Day – May 7 (Ngà  y Chiá º ¿n thá º ¯ng Ä iá »â€¡n Biá »â€¡n Phá » §) President Ho Chi Minh’s Birthday – May 19 (Ngà  y sinh Chá » § tá »â€¹ch Há »â€œ Chà ­ Minh) International Children’s Day – June 1 (Ngà  y quá »â€˜c tá º ¿ thiá º ¿u nhi) Vietnamese Family Day – June 28 (Ngà  y gia Ä‘Ã ¬nh Viá »â€¡t Nam) Remembrance Day (Day for Martyrs and Wounded Soldiers) – July 27 (Ngà  y thÆ °Ã† ¡ng binh liá »â€¡t sÄ ©) August Revolution Commemoration Day – August 19 (Ngà  y cà ¡ch má º ¡ng thà ¡ng Capital Liberation Day – October 10 (Ngà  y giá º £i phà ³ng thá » § Ä‘Ã ´) Vietnamese Women’s Day – October 20 (Ngà  y phá » ¥ ná » ¯ Viá »â€¡t Nam) Teacher’s Day – November 20 (Ngà  y Nhà   già ¡o Viá »â€¡t Nam) SPEAKING TOPICS 1. The differences between Vietnamese culture and American culture that you recognize from movies and books. 2. A special holiday in Vietnam that you like the most. 3. Introduce a holiday or a traditional custom that represents your hometown. 4. Supposed you are talking with a foreign friend and you would like to introduce a special thing of Vietnamese culture (clothes, food, music, and so on). What would it be?

One of the Most Important Moment in Your Life

The terrible car accident occurred to me ten years ago threatened my life, only a few flashback memories are what is left in my head. It was summer in June and a Saturday night; the rain was pouring like I have seen very few times before. I had just left my mother’s house after a delicious meal along with some of our homemade red wine. In getting ready to go to work I realized that it was late, my Jazz music band, was supposed to start to play music at 10pm in a nightclub twenty miles west from my house.But the pleasant dinner, and mostly the wine, inadvertently caused me to be extremely late. Once on the highway I tried to reduce the lateness by increasing and maintaining high velocity, in several occasions the speedometer was above 130 MPH. When the crash happened I was not wearing the seatbelt; in fact I found myself on the passenger seat. The windshield and the side glasses were reduced in thousands of pieces, many of which were all over me. The absence of glass also facil itated the rain getting inside the vehicle and created more discomfort.The front of the automobile, where the engine was located, had been pushed so much inward that it almost reduced the length of the car in half. I was so furious about the damages that I didn’t even care of my health conditions. The car went down the side of the highway; it was hidden by trees and quite difficult to reach. In fact, the police report stated that I had been unconscious for more than half an hour before someone found me. When I came to senses I did not remember anything, not even what day it was, or why I was in the car. As minutes went by I began to consider the gravity of the situation, as my despair as well.Fully awake and angry still I could not move, my shoulder was hurting and something was obfuscating my sight and it was not the rain—I later discovered that it was my own blood. At some point I turned my head to the right and saw an old man standing right outside my car’s b roken window pushing a piece of fabric against my head. I guess he was trying to stop the blood flow. Thanks to this person, who despite the difficulty, came down almost 30 feet to reach my car I was found, and thanks to this man I was able to receive immediate assistance from the paramedics and be carried at a nearby hospital.Nevertheless, sadness embraces me when I think of him; unfortunately I missed the chance to express to him my gratitude. That night he simply vanished in the darkness. Once the paramedic took me off the car, the race to the hospital was almost pleasant. In the ambulance I will never forget the beautiful face of a relatively young female doctor who gave me the first aid—she came very close to my face several times in order to check my eyes and wounds on my head.At the destination, I was transported in the emergency room where other people immediately started to cut my clothes off with a pair of scissors, in order to check the integrity of my whole body. Even though it was summer I recall being very cold in that room, and thirsty as well. The numerous and small pieces of glass inside the upper-part of my body required an extensive amount of time to be taken out. During this long procedure—conducted by only one doctor—something funny happened. One of the nurses approached the surgery table, came close to my face and said, â€Å"Today boy is your lucky day. â€Å"Why? † I asked, â€Å"Well, at the moment the plastic surgeon is still at the hospital, he was supposed to leave an hour ago but something happened and kept him here† was her response—a couple of days later it was explained to me that these specialized doctors are not found frequently in the emergency room. Usually, generic doctors perform these surgeries with significantly poorer results. â€Å"He will fix your ear so well that you would not even notice the scar† she added—I had a deep cut behind my right ear, which fortunate ly enough did not damage any nerves.After those loud nurse’s last words, the anesthetic took over because I don’t remember anything else. As a result, every time I go back with my thoughts to that night I realize how irresponsible I acted. During the days prior to the accident I had a very poor sleep; that combined with the high speed and heavy rain caused the crash. This traumatic and unique experience will always accompany me. Still, today those memories affect my decision-making processes in order to prevent similar circumstances from occurring again. In the end I surely admit to have learned my lesson.

Macbeths Passage Act 2 Scene 1 Essays

Macbeths Passage Act 2 Scene 1 Essays Macbeths Passage Act 2 Scene 1 Essay Macbeths Passage Act 2 Scene 1 Essay Alberto Gomez Block: D Macbeth’s Passage Shakespeare is one of the mayor authors of English literature. Passages created by Shakespeare are known as excellent because of his new techniques of writing in the English literature. On his multiple tragic plays one of the most important is called Macbeth. Macbeth is characterized of having a strong desire of ambition and treacherous. On the trategy of Macbeth, there is more than one famous passage. Passages where they are analytical fundamental for the play, passages where Shakespeare critics human nature, and talks about death. One of the most important passages of Macbeth is when he is deciding whether the dagger that he sees is real or if it is fake (Act 2, Scene 1). This passage is a monologue of Macbeth, it is very important because when analyzed one can demonstrate that it is a summary of the entire play. At first it starts talking about how he sees a dagger, and he doesnt know if it is fake or real but what he do know is that he will use it. By this part of the passage one can allude it to a very important theme of the play, appearance or reality. Which also alludes to â€Å"foul is fare and fare is foul†. Later starts talking about the death of Duncan and how Macbeth will kill him. Here is the first act of concrete evilness. After this act, he will have blood in his hands, blood that cant be taken away with water. Blood that represents the guiltiness of the first act of killing that he will do. It also alludes to the theme of fake versus reality. Shakespeare writes â€Å"Nature seems dead, and wicked dreams abuse the curtained sleep† (Act 2 Scene 1). This means that he doesnt know if his nature and his sleep has ended or not, also brings the theme of reality and appearance. Later he doesnt want anyone to see what he has done, Shakespeare writes this in the passage as â€Å"Hear not my steps, which way they walk† (line 57, Scene 1 Act 2). Shakespeare critics human nature in different ways, in this passage he critics about how humans will do anything for having what they want, this is called being ambitious. Macbeth will do anything for getting and having what the prophecy said. The prophecy said that he will be king sooner or later. Since it is a prophecy, Macbeth doesnt truly know if it is true or not, he comes the theme again of appearance versus reality. To be king, there are many obstacles such as the actual king, and his sons. In this passage Shakespeare writes about how will be the death of king Duncan and the effects of this death. He starts to become insane.

The Holy Land essay essays

The Holy Land essay essays A possible solution to Israeli Palestinian peace is very hard to come by. Evidently, not all Israelis The only practical idea for creating a Palestinian-Israeli peace is the development of a large agreement. The approach of agreement calls for Israelis The method of agreement highlights the failing of the usual aggressiveness in the Israeli Palestinian relationship. It is a form based on the idea that the search for self-interest leads to the advantage of both sides. Agreement requires a cooperative form of Israeli Palestinian relationship that focuses on the benefits of peace for both sides. Neither Israelis nor Palestinians can get peace alone. In fact, both sides have to make sacrifices. Given present realities, the Israelis cannot be beaten in a war; yet, they cannot win politically. The loss of the ability to force a decision by war sets a restriction on the peace process. But it is a restriction that leaves room for strength, imagination, I give credit to Dr. Awad re report on this topic...

150+ Powerful Character Mannerisms to Define Your Characters

150+ Powerful Character Mannerisms to Define Your Characters Defining Your Characters: 150+ Character Mannerisms Part of the magic of great fiction is its ability to let you see their characters in your mind’s eye. Think about Sherlock Holmes and you might picture him smoking a pipe, or stroking his chin in thought. Or Anne Shirley from Anne of the Green Gables, who might at any moment be gesturing enthusiastically and talking a mile a minute.Much of this ability to conjure actors in this theatre of the mind comes from one simple trick in the book of character development: character mannerisms. A well-observed tic or recurring behavior can unlock your characters and bring them to life in your audience’s imagination.If you’re wondering how to start going about it, you’ve come to the right spot on the Internet. We’ve split this post into three parts: what character mannerisms exactly are, how to write them into your story, and a list of 150+ mannerisms for you in case you're running short on inspiration.What are character mannerisms? 12 Types of Characters Featured in Almost All Stories Read post Mannerisms are here to helpUltimately, character mannerisms are only a small part of the bigger picture of character development. They should help reveal who your character is and that in and of itself will take some more work on your part. To understand your character on a deeper level, you can go here to download a free character profile template. Or if you’d like some character development exercises, here are eight of the best ones that you can use.So whatever mannerisms you choose in the end, remember that it should tie into your character’s personality, background, and upbringing. If you follow that route, you won’t stray far from reaching your ultimate goal: the creation of a memorable character.What memorable mannerisms and tics should be added to this list? Let us know in the comments below

Chapter One including the abstract Dissertation

Chapter One including the abstract - Dissertation Example It is on this basis that faculty-designers have emerged as critical a component in the development of online courses. Given the importance of faculty-designers, there is need to ensure that these faculty-developers possess requisite skills and competencies that are key in maintaining the quality of online courses. This chapter presents issues surrounding the skills, competencies and best practices for designing online courses. In addition to these issues, this chapter will present the purpose of the research, research questions and hypotheses, justification and significance of the research, as well as limitations and assumptions for the research. Keywords: Faculty-designers, Skills and Competencies, Instructional Materials, Online Courses and Best Practices Chapter One Introduction Online education has experienced unprecedented growth in the last decade. Rapid growth of online education has emergence along with sophisticated information and communication technologies. Information tec hnology tools have been integrated into online platforms and enhance delivery of learning materials. Proponents of distance education have applauded the flexibility and convenience of online learning studies. However, dissenting voices have increasingly raised concerns over the quality of online courses. ... Many of the decisions influencing the successful delivery of course materials take place prior to commencement of online classes. Course design stage requires careful planning to not only make teaching more enjoyable and easy, but also to facilitate effective student learning. Well-designed courses facilitate smooth implementation of course content on a day-to-day basis (Anderson, 2008). Faculty-designers require requisite skills and competencies that will assure the effectiveness and quality of online learning (Weston, 2009). Increasing demands for online courses stimulated many institutions of higher learning to offer online courses. As the number of middle-level colleges and fully fledged universities offering online courses continues to grow, a pressing need has arisen for highly skilled and competent faculty-designers (Salmon, 2004). Skilled and competent faculty-designers are needed in crafting professional development and technical training online courses (Watson, Watson and R eigeluth, 2012). The quality of online courses has been compromised, in part, by hastily-developed learning materials (Hsu and Lin, 2008). Much as information technology has the potential to develop and implement effective online learning, the quality of this modern pedagogy is compromised by lack of competent faculty-designers (Anderson, 2008). The rapid growth of online learning has focused increasing attention to components that constitutes a quality online course (Reigeluth, 2011). Understanding of how to design an online course and what is needed to be an effective online instructor has deepened significantly (Hsu and Lin, 2008). Technologies used to design and access online courses have also improved tremendously. Equally important, faculty-designers have

Formation and performance of sales and lease contracts Term Paper

Formation and performance of sales and lease contracts - Term Paper Example Formation and Performance of Sales and Lease Contracts A business entity is a legal entity designed for goods and services provision to businesses, government entities and other businesses mainly predominant in the capitalist economies. The majority of the businesses are privately owned with the primary formation objective of making profits. Business entrepreneurs have as the main objective receipt and generation of financial return in exchange for work and acceptance of risk. There are other business entities not formed with the profit making objective like the cooperatives, state corporations and none profit making businesses (Heintz & Parry 7). For there to be less conflicts in the business world, there has to be generally accepted terms of engagement. A contract is a legally binding agreement between legal persons for an exchange of services and goods that are of value. A valid contract is an emergence of a made offer that has been accepted. Using a contract in business transactions binds the engaging parties to abide by the terms as non performance of the responsibilities as per the requirements of the contract may lead to a lawsuit and payment of damages. When the contractor makes an offer and the contracted accepts the offer, then the parties are legally bound by the terms of the contract (English, Simon & Solomon 212). When the parties involved are ad idem (meeting of the minds), then none of them can ignore the contractual obligations bestowed on him. A business can enter into a legally binding contract when buying or providing goods or services, leases or real estate, selling of the business premise, hiring a contractor, entering into partnerships and joint ventures, franchising, non complete agreements and confidentiality agreements. Written contracts: are generally produced on paper or electronically and are usually easier to uphold compared to

The Single European Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Single European Market - Essay Example The Single European Market While it can be argued that the single market was basically completed in 1992 following the enactment of various policies in place, much of the project is yet to be completed. Indeed, with the present challenges realized in the process, it is becoming more impossible to complete the Single European Market (Crouch, 2010). Efforts to realize the European single market continue to face a lot of challenges. Language barriers amongst the member countries continue to present a lot of challenges to the realization of a single unified market. Moreover, it is realized that different countries in Europe have varying levels of economic development and this presents a challenge to a single market creation. In this regard, different countries have different economic objectives hence the realization of a single market might not really become practical and unacceptable to all the member countries. The member countries of the EU are always in economic competition against each other. In this regard, these countries are at times forced to follow their own national visions and interests which totally go against the spirit of the realization of a single market. The national interests of the countries appear to be more important than the good of the EU. The directives of the EU toward the achievement of the single market are often interpreted to be blatant instructions on what should be done. As such, countries such as Britain have always ignored much of these instructions and adopted their own versions of economic development. For instance, it is much difficult for British companies to effectively compete with other companies from countries with lesser demands. The differences in populations have a lot of implications on the supply and demand for various goods and services in the region. A single market in this regard would put some companies at a disadvantage against others. Many of the EU’s member countries have sought various derogations from some aspects of the single m arket or restricted many of the reforms proposed. Moreover, the different consumption and stake in the oil industry affects the operations of the single market. In this regard, France with its huge stake in the oil industry has led to the removal of energy from the products in the European single market. While most of the member states of the EU follow different educational and professional standards, the mutual recognition of these qualifications in the region is always a challenge since some countries regard their standards as far much better than others. The operations and success of a single market requires a uniform sense of both monetary and fiscal policies across the region. In this regard, the adoption of a single currency was certainly a good direction towards this realization. However, given that some countries like the UK have not yet adopted the single currency, pure economic integration of the region becomes a great challenge. Such integration is certainly a prerequisit e toward the realization of a Single European Market. Of great challenge to the European single market is the enlargement of the EU. With a membership of 27 states, the region might face a lot of migration of workers from the poorest countries in Europe to some of the richest countries (Vickerman, 2002). In this regard, it was seen that such migrations would drastically affect the wage rates

A Narrative Inquiry Qualitative Research Approach Proposal

A Narrative Inquiry Qualitative Approach - Research Proposal Example Given that this minority group has been inadequately covered in research, their challenges have lacked the necessary attention that is crucial in ensuring that they make wise choices in their life. Research has pointed out that these students are inclined to face more challenges unless there is an intervention to streamline their decision making process. As this population continues to increase, it is necessary to provide research driven recommendations to help them overcome their challenges and resolve their problems. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the factors that lead to First Generation Students (FGS) in obtaining multiple graduate degrees; undergraduate, masters, PhD and Doctoral programs. By interviewing FGS persons who have acquired post graduate education, it is possible to obtain their experiences and assess the factors that have contributed to their achievements. With this information, the research will assist in the generation of viable motivational approaches that can assist other FGS students to earn success in their education. The principle behind this study is that enhancing educational development is one of the best ways to impact community advancement in the contemporary society. The research will follow a narrative inquiry approach in the synthesis of the fact underlying the academic achievements of the FGS. With this interpretive approach, it will be possible to obtain the experiences of the selected samples and synthesise possible way in which to encourage other FGS to follow suit. In the recent past, the topic on First Generation students has generated a lot of heat in the area of research that is concerned with academic development. Ward, Siegel & Davenport (2012) define First Generation college students as those students entering college and originate from a family where none of the parents or siblings have attained have graduated

Individuals That Did Not Pull the Trigger Article

Individuals That Did Not Pull the Trigger - Article Example Four suspects have been accused of the murder of Max Gadau; a seventeen year old son to Atricia Gadau. Dzevad Avdic who is the fourth suspect planned for robbery. He did not have the intention to shoot or kill anyone in the scene. The initial cause of the murder was the stealing of marijuana. This means that the fourth suspect initialized events that led to the murder of Max. The suspect is guilty of murder. Another suspect is Ly, he aided in the identification of an easy target. He identified the girl as a weak point and suggested that she would corporate at gunpoint. He appeared on the scene of the murder making him guilty of murder. Ly’s case is a conspiracy issue only that he appeared in the murder scene. Had the girl corporated as expected by Ly, none of the shooting would occur.  Four suspects have been accused of the murder of Max Gadau; a seventeen year old son to Atricia Gadau. Dzevad Avdic who is the fourth suspect planned for robbery. He did not have the intention to shoot or kill anyone in the scene. The initial cause of the murder was the stealing of marijuana. This means that the fourth suspect initialized events that led to the murder of Max. The suspect is guilty of murder. Another suspect is Ly, he aided in the identification of an easy target. He identified the girl as a weak point and suggested that she would corporate at gunpoint. He appeared on the scene of the murder making him guilty of murder. Ly’s case is a conspiracy issue only that he appeared in the murder scene. Had the girl corporated as expected by Ly, none of the shooting would occur.   Myles Hughes was another suspect that did not pull the trigger. He only went inside the car with the rest of the suspects. He sat next to the fifth suspect, who pulled the trigger. His charge is that of conspiracy, as he did not expect the fifth suspect to pull the trigger. The shot girl would identify him as the person that acted as an accomplice to the theft. Nicholas Smith was the suspect who cooperated with the police at the time of the murder. The individual had the knowledge that the stealing of the marijuana was the only plot of the robbery. He had no plan of being involved in the robbery, happened to appear in the murder scene. There is no murder charge against him, because he did not have initiative to participate in the robbery.  

A Narrative Inquiry Qualitative Research Approach Proposal

A Narrative Inquiry Qualitative Approach - Research Proposal Example Given that this minority group has been inadequately covered in research, their challenges have lacked the necessary attention that is crucial in ensuring that they make wise choices in their life. Research has pointed out that these students are inclined to face more challenges unless there is an intervention to streamline their decision making process. As this population continues to increase, it is necessary to provide research driven recommendations to help them overcome their challenges and resolve their problems. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the factors that lead to First Generation Students (FGS) in obtaining multiple graduate degrees; undergraduate, masters, PhD and Doctoral programs. By interviewing FGS persons who have acquired post graduate education, it is possible to obtain their experiences and assess the factors that have contributed to their achievements. With this information, the research will assist in the generation of viable motivational approaches that can assist other FGS students to earn success in their education. The principle behind this study is that enhancing educational development is one of the best ways to impact community advancement in the contemporary society. The research will follow a narrative inquiry approach in the synthesis of the fact underlying the academic achievements of the FGS. With this interpretive approach, it will be possible to obtain the experiences of the selected samples and synthesise possible way in which to encourage other FGS to follow suit. In the recent past, the topic on First Generation students has generated a lot of heat in the area of research that is concerned with academic development. Ward, Siegel & Davenport (2012) define First Generation college students as those students entering college and originate from a family where none of the parents or siblings have attained have graduated

Promoting health literacy for children in a developing Country Assignment

Promoting health literacy for children in a developing Country regarding gastro-enteritis by way of primary and secondary care - Assignment Example Gastroenteritis is one disease that affects infants, children and adults. The disease is common in both the developed and developing countries. Notably, due to the lack of appropriate resources and machinery, the developing countries may lack the knowhow and the technology to identify the disease. This essay focuses on the illiteracy found in this country, it tries to devise ways in which awareness can be promoted. This study ventures into the field of health issues and focuses on the impacts of health illiteracy across the board in the society with some emphasis made on the effects of Gastroenteritis in children. Health literacy according to US Library Of Medicine (2010) is the ability to read, understand and act on medical guidelines. It involves the ability of the public to understand various disease symptoms, and interpret the prescriptions as instructed by the health officer. Gastroenteritis is one the major killer of children above 5 years, BMC Public Health (2007) estimates th e mortality number of children under the above age to be between 450,000 to 700,000 each year. Other 2 million kids are hospitalized every year due to the disease. The disease in previous years took the lives of more children than the number quoted above. In the recent years the number has reduced considerably due to the introduction of vaccines. Notably, Gastroenteritis is a disease of the gastrointestinal tract which inflames the system leading to symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, cramping and severe abdominal pains. The virus responsible for the disease is known as rotavirus in children, norovirus and Campylobacter in adults. The disease is not likely to be caused by bacteria or parasites. Notably, the disease is more present in the less developed countries due to the low hygienic standards. This includes contaminated water since less developed countries do not have the required resources to improve water circulation hence making the disease more prevalent. Secondly due to the lack of proper food sources and poor living standards less developed countries with per capita income of less than a dollar, citizens may eat poorly cooked food which in turn results into Gastroenteritis. According to MacDonald. et al (2012) most of the cases of Gastroenteritis are in children in less developed countries. This is a result of the scarcity of health centers where medical care is limited, According to GlaxoSmithKline (2012) notes that the infection rate of the rotavirus gastroenteritis is similar in both developed and developing countries, the only difference is the measures taken to improve the hygiene, sanitation and living standards. This has a hand in reducing the causes of the occurrence of the disease. As quoted earlier the quickest solution to curbing the spread of the disease which according to research can be spread from one person to the other is through vaccination. The developed countries can easily access vaccination medicine since they have enough capital and better policies to govern such institutions unlike developing countries who not only struggle with economic development but also do not have enough resources to cater for the upcoming national problems. Consequently they are left at the mercy of international organization such as the red cross, Used and AUSaid which chip in their support when the situation has been aggravated and it is in the limelight of the international and regional media stations. Children affected by the disease require close care and affection.

Patient`s Laws Essay Example for Free

Patient`s Laws Essay Patients should feel at ease when giving personal information to their physician or nurse (Burkle Cascino, 2011). Patients may resist offering pertinent information if they feel their confidence may be betrayed. Confidentiality can only be broken when it involves a gunshot wound, injuries resulting from child abuse or an infectious disease, which would put the community at risk. Such is the case presented in Nathanson’s article titled: â€Å"Betraying trust or providing good care? When is it okay to break confidentiality?† (2000). The article addresses an ethical dilemma presented in an episode of NBC’s ER. Nurse Carol Hathaway promises two reluctant teenage patients who are seeking care, that anything they tell her will remain confidential, even from their parents and anyone else. Agreeable to this, the girls divulge they have been sexually active with multiple partners and suspect they have been exposed to a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Tests were performed on the teenager for STD’s and receive Pap tests to detect any cervical abnormalities. The test results confirm, Andrea, is positive for the human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer. Promising Andrea confidentiality, Nurse Hathaway knows she must break the promise or potentially endanger herself and the community. Nurse Hathaway is faced with ethical consequences if she breaks confidentiality with her patient. Of these consequences are reluctance to disclose pertinent information, feelings of betrayal, enraged parents, disrespect of staff members, job termination, demeaned hospital reputation, poor school reputation, and a non supportive bureaucratic and legal system (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2008). Nurses are fearful of these ethical implications, which keep them from disclosing important information, which can have disastrous results (Griffith, 2008). Deontology best describes Nurse Hathaway’s ethical framework when she finds it necessary to break Andrea’s confidentiality. The deontology theory is based on the concept that a person adheres to what is right and wrong in their actions and thoughts rather than the consequences (Purtilo Doherty, 2011). Since this has become a public issue she is compelled to fulfill her duty by courageously choosing to bring the situation out in the open. Her reasoning for informing Andrea’s parents and school would ensure the appropriate course of treatment and avoiding further injury for the teen and society. Even though Nathanson says  there is no advantage in notifying the school of Andrea’s sexual involvement with multiple partners, Nurse Hathaway chose to do so. By doing this, Andrea attempts to take her life when she finds out the school is aware of her situation. There are several ethical decision-making models to choose from but the best would be Uustal’s model to handle this particular situation. Uustal proposes a nine-step method to direct one toward making an ethical decision. This model follows the nursing process and also includes and explanation of values when using and ethical decision-making model. Step 1) those implicated in the dilemma are the teenage girls, their parents, the students at the school and Nurse Hathaway. Whether or not to inform the school of the sexual behavior of the girls and of Andrea’s diagnosis is the ethical dilemma at hand. Step 2) without giving specific information about the girls, the school needs to be aware of the student’s sexual conduct with multiple partners. Step 3) the spread of HPV and the concern for the protection of the community from STD’s related to promiscuous sex are the issues related to the situation. A resolution to the dilemma would to inform the school of the concern for the sexual behavior of the students. Step 5) with good intentions, Nurse Hathaway notifies the school of the girl’s activities but should not kept their identities anonymous and only discussed her concern for the students in general about their participation in multiple sex partners. Step 5) implementing education in the school regarding the risks, treatments and prevention of STD’s would follow. Step 6) the main priority should have been informing the school of the promiscuity among the students rather than of the two teens in question and Andrea’s new found diagnosis. Step 7) Nurse Hathaway should have only discussed her concern for sex with multiple partners between the students. Step 8 and 9) if Nurse Hathaway had followed th is model, education could have occurred, the school would have been protected and Andrea’s privacy would have been respected. This particular model allows for the analysis of various options to sensitive, ethical dilemmas. An ethics committee consists of of representatives from different fields in and outside of health care as well as professionals, lawyer, clergyman, etc., from the community. With different perspectives, experiences, and educational backgrounds the committee can have a well-rounded discussion and provide suggestions proposed to advocate for the rights of patients and foster mutual decision  making in the event of an ethical dilemma. When conflicting moral claims are presented, the ethics committee can suggest an unbiased approach to solving the ethical dilemma (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2008). Consulting with an ethics committee would have been in Nurse Hathaway’s best interest before deciding to break confidentiality. Had she not divulged pertinent information about Andrea to her school, Andrea most likely would not have attempted suicide. In conclusion, as nurses we are confronted with ethical dilemmas pertaining to upholding confidentiality in our day-to-day practice. Ethical decisions should not be taken lightly and treated exclusively with sensitivity for our patients and the public. Making the wrong decision could cost us the trust we build with out patients and community and our job. Burkhardt, M. A., Nathaniel, A. K. (2008). Ethics issues in contemporary nursing (3rd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. Burkle, C. M., Cascino, G. D. (2011, December). Medicine and the media: Balancing the public’s right to know with the privacy of the patient. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 86(12), 1192-1196. Ethical decision-making lecture [Module 3 lecture]. Retrieved from Grand Canyon University: http://my.gcu.edu. Griffith, R. (2008). Patient confidentiality: rights and duties of nurse prescribers. Nurse Prescribing, 6(2), 116-120. Purtilo, R. B., Doherty, R. B. (2011). Ethical dimensions in the health professions (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

The Story Of Adam And Eve Theology Religion Essay

The Story Of Adam And Eve Theology Religion Essay Faithful Christians all around the globe believe in the same story that is presented in the book of Genesis in the Holy Bible; The Story of Adam and Eve. This story supports the creation of the first two humans to walk on earth and why we have the ability to sin. Not everyone believes this though, throughout the years there have been many different interpretations of the Adam and Eve story. The main types of differences in interpretations are: some people believe in the story, some think the story has no value, and some think there is another meaning to the story instead of the one we all describe now. With this taken into consideration, there are many interpretations of the story of Adam and Eve in Christianity that gives different insight to the story. Starting with the creation of this story, it is located in the book of Genesis. The story was created by the Samarians who passed it down to the Babylonians. The story states that there were two humans, Adam and Eve, who were created by God. God first created Adam. One day Adam told God he was lonely and wanted a companion. God then created animals to keep Adam company to take care of them. Adam again said he was still feeling lonely, so God took one of Adams ribs to create Eve. They were told to live in a garden called The Garden of Eden. This was a beautiful garden where everything was supplied for them to live and prosper. God had one rule only for them, to not eat the forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge, if they did there would be serious consequences. As Adam and Eve explore their new home Eve finds a serpent in the tree of knowledge, this serpent represents the devil. The serpent convinces Eve to eat the fruit from the tree of knowledge. Eve could have thought it was car eless fun and nothing bad would come of it. Giving into temptation may be fun at first, but the consequences are never worth it.(Campus Life,2001)Suddenly Eve starts to see the consequences of her action. Adam and Eve do not know they are naked at this time, but Eve soon realizes Adam and she are naked. She convinces Adam to eat the fruit with her and they both now have disobeyed God. God returns and finds Adam and Eve hiding in a bush. He asks them why they are hiding from him. Adam and Eve reply they are naked and need to cover themselves. God knows that they had eaten from the forbidden tree. God punished them by having each child born from Adam and Eve to be born with original sin. God also had them banished from The Garden of Eden and to live among the animals. This story has been around for thousands of years, meaning there are plenty of ways to interpret this tale. This shows that What we have sought to affirm through the centuries in pointing to the Genesis  storyƚ  is human solidarity.(Arraj Tumulty, pp.21) The literal interpretation of the story is one the most believed and most taught around the world. It states many things, first it says God created Adam and Eve in his own image. This is self explanatory since it is stated almost exactly like that in the text. As God takes the rib from Eve it shows that they will be joined together forever as God creates Eve in his own image. Once Eve was created she was considered the mother of all things living and Adam was considered the father. Basically, the story is saying they started all of humanity. Another literal meaning from the story is that Eve was deceived by the serpent who was the devil. This showed that the devil is always trying to tempt us to go his way instead of towards God. As we Christians move away from doing good works they are reenacting when Eve took the forbidden fruit. Once this was discovered God banished the devil from the Garden of Eden, therefore overcoming the serpent. In the end Jesus came and saved the Christians from sin by overcoming the serpent.This interpretation of the story is what people get from the text without going into greater detail of the meaning through the eyes of a faithful Christian. Some argue that the stories in the Bible are just for spiritual growth and comfort. Regarding the story of Adam and Eve, there are multiple signs that give people spiritual comfort. With the creation of Adam and Eve we were created in the image of God, showing that we are all equal and beautiful in the eyes of God. To show God our thanks Christians worship him in church, which also has come from God. Just like Adam, God , figuratively speaking, took one of his ribs and created a church. Which is now church considered Gods home, or the Mother of Spirits, and was built for our spirits to be forgiven. This directly relates to Eve who is the mother of mankind. As she was deceived by the devil so was the church. This made it harder for the Church to be spiritually reborn. Then Jesus arrived and overcame the devil and the church was reborn. This meaning is what is suppose to be taken from the story according to the Bible. The Bible warns us not to be literalistic. We should serve in the ne wness of the Spirit and not in the oldness of the letter. (Romans 7:6) (What The Bible Says About) Everything from the Bible is spiritual and good lessons of ways to live life. Spiritual and literal interpretations of the story of Adam and Eve both have valid points. Each gives a background taught to Christians around the world. One type of interpretation we dont hear often is how this story could be a story commemorating the two people who formed their first society. It seems Adam and Eve story in Garden of Eden could be an actual and normal event, and not the Creation story of Adam and Eve as the first couple on the surface of the earth, but rather the first couple who founded a tribe which their decedents were remembering them.(Gollestani, The Truth Shall) This makes sense, showing that Adam and Eve could have been nomads wandering until they found the perfect spot to develop a community. With a community comes rules and regulations. God could have been a nomadic leader or king that set the first ground rules of civilization. For example, no killing, no stealing, and a judgment before a prosecution must be held. Now the story of Adam and Eve was found ma nly from Mesopotamian tablets and the holy Bible. So the Mesopotamian people could have been the ones telling a story to show there thanks to Adam and Eve for the creation of their community. These show that this story could have actually been to thank the creators of a nation instead of having a true moral meaning. With science being one of the biggest phenomenons of the modern day, it helps us decide what is possible and what is not possible. Can science overtake the way people believe in religions today? Many scientists do believe this and even have a say in the story of Adam and Eve. As already known, people who are strict believers in only scientific means think that the world was created by the big bang theory and everything evolved from evolution. This is already against popular belief of most people in the world, since Christianity is believed by 2.1 billion people. Adam and Eve were created by God, in the image of God, and to start all mankind stated by Christian beliefs. As stated in an article by Christianity Today, Reports claim of recent genetic research that the human race did not emerge from pre-human animals as a single pair, as an Adam and an Eve. The complexity of the human genome, we are told, requires an original population of around 10,000.(Christianity Today, pp.61) This i nterpretation has no belief of religion or faith just the justification of science. Its hard not to believe in facts that have been scientifically proven. People have started to believe more and more in science and religion that they even started a new one called Scientology. Scientology believes in pure scientific means of religious beliefs. All Christians and other religions that believe in God, whole heartedly believe God is everything and would never do anything to harm us. In this interpretation of the Adam and Eve story , it seems that God setup Adam and Eve. The part of the story where God is explaining to Adam and Eve that they are not allowed to eat from the tree of knowledge, it makes it seem as if God wants them to eat from it. He plants this special tree in the middle of the gardenà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬on display.(Emerging Truths, 2011) It shows that God says not to eat from it but in reality he really wants Adam and Eve to eat from it. There is a point as stated by Emerging Truths that says God winked at the reader saying watch they will eat it right now. Continuing the story, the serpent was thrown in there to have someone tempt Eve into eating from the tree, if the serpent was not in the story then the curiosity of Adam and Eve would have gotten the better of them and they still would have eaten from the tree. Even though it is somewhat bizarre to hear that God was trying to purposely trick Adam and Eve into eating the fruit, it is another way to view a legendary story with many interpretations. The story of Adam and Eve will stay alive for as long as this earth is still spinning. As one of the cornerstones of the human race, it is hard to forget something like that. Five interpretations for this story are very little compared to the amount of information and opinions out there. The truth of the matter is we will never know what the true meaning of this story was. It is good to have different views on the story so everyone can use it for self improvement and entertainment. The people who created it have a meaning and it is up to us to take it how we want. As the Bible stated, do not take the stories literally. The story of Adam and Eve will always be around to interpret by generations to come.

An Approach to Introducing Ambient Music :: Graduate Admissions Essays

An Approach to Introducing Ambient Music John Cage (1912-1992) presents an attractive challenge to a music GSI teaching a class of non-majors. As much an idea man as a pen-on-paper composer, Cage proposed through his writings and artistic approach that all sound, whether deliberate or accidental, whether inside or outside of the concert hall, is in fact a macro-series of musical events. In effect, according to this way of thinking, all ambient sound is music. Considering the way most of us have been brought up to think about music, this is a significant imaginative leap as well as an important door to open for those who might not come across the idea elsewhere. It began on a whim during one particular session: while the students were busily at work on an unrelated quiz, I took dictation from the auditory environment in the classroom. That is, I wrote down (as one might write down music) the inadvertent sounds made by the students as they wrote the test. This is a sound world familiar to all teachers: the students, suddenly resolute, are anxiously scribbling away and producing involuntary sounds: sighs, grunts, low moans, inhalations, ruffling, pencil-clicks and chair-squeaks. Incorporating the low hum of the ventilation system, I compiled the sounds into a neat musical score by drawing the sounds as they occurred over a twenty-second time span. I then titled my piece "Twenty Seconds of Music 20A Taking a Quiz." The following week, at a strategic point in a discussion on Cage's works and ideas, we listened as a class to the ambient sounds surrounding us in the room. As always, the variety and richness of these sounds was surprising. I asked them: "Is this music?" Most said no. I then handed out photocopies of my score discussed above and posed my question again. At this point, there was some discussion: now that there was musical intent in my creating a piece, about one third of the room felt that these sounds were in fact "music". Finally, we recreated the ambient sounds I recorded by "performing" the piece as a class. Dividing the parts up as one would for a choir, we assigned some students as the "chair-squeakers", some as the "sighers", some as the "inhalers", and one (who had been the student who had clicked his mechanical pencil during the actual dictation) as the "pencil-clicker".

A scope statement for a spring concert Essay

Your roommate is about to submit a scope statement for a spring concert sponsored by the entertainment council at Western Evergreen State University (WESU). WESU is a residential university with over 22,000 students. This will be the first time in six years since WESU sponsored a spring concert. The entertainment council has budgeted $40,000 for the project. The event is to occur on June 5th. Since your roommate knows you are taking a class on project management she has asked you to review her scope statement and make suggestions for improvement. She considers the concert a resume-building experience and wants to be as professional as possible. Below is a draft of her scope statement. What suggestions would you make and why? WESU Spring Music Concert Project Objective To organize and deliver a 6-hour music concert by June 5th at cost to not exceed $40,000. Deliverables †¢Concert security †¢Contact local newspapers and radio stations †¢Separate beer garden †¢Six hours of musical entertainment †¢Design a commemorative concert t-shirt †¢Local sponsors †¢Food venues †¢Event insurance †¢Safe environment Milestones 1.Secure all permissions and approvals 2.Sign big-name artist 3.Contact secondary artists 4.Secure vendor contracts 5.Advertising campaign 6.Plan set-up 7.Concert 8.Clean-up Technical Requirements 1.Professional sound stage and system 2.At least five performing acts 3.Restroom facilities 4.Parking 5.Compliance with WESU and city requirements/ordinances Limits and Exclusions †¢Seating capacity for 8,000 students. †¢Performers are responsible for travel arrangement to and from WESU. †¢Performers must provide own liability insurance. †¢Performers and security personnel will be provided lunch and dinner on the day of the concert. †¢Vendors contribute 25 percent of sales to concert fund †¢Concert must be over at 12:15 A.M.

Qualitative article critique Essay

INTRODUCTION There are a number of factors that contribute to effectively conducting qualitative research. It is not only choosing the right field setting or well-formulated research question that counts, but also the reliability of the evidence and the skills of the interviewer make tremendous difference to the outcome of a qualitative research. †Qualitative research involves the scrutiny of social phenomena.†(Gubrium and Holstein 1997, p.11-14). Qualitative researchers look beyond the ordinary and try to understand how participants understand themselves or their world.. Unlike in quantitative research, when conducting a qualitative study, the researcher is considered as the main instrument for data collection, data analysis, and data interpretation (Paisley & Reeves, 2001). The next few pages will critically analyse the qualitative research articles of ‘Russell, L. (2005) It’s a question of trust: balancing the relationship between students and teachers in ethnographic fieldword’ and ‘Kamenou, N. (2008) Reconsidering Work-Life balance debates Challenging Limited Understandings of the ‘Life’ Component in the Context of Ethnic Minority Women’s Experiences(British Journal of Management, Vol. 19, S99-S109). Look more:  problem definition essay 1. RUSSELL, L. ‘IT’S A QUESTION OF TRUST: BALANCING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS AND TEACHERS IN ETHNOGRAPHIC FIELDWORK.’ THE AUTHOR IS A â€Å"YOUNG ETHNOGRAPHER RESEARCHING TEENAGERS† (P.193). WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES HER AGE MAKE? In this particular field study, the age of the ethnographer Russell, L. had both a positive as well as a negative impact on the research. This field research was conducted in a naturalism way, this means that the researcher inquires the lives and perspectives of the targeted population as accurate as possible in their natural setting (Gubrium and Holstein, 1997). The researcher Lisa Russell was a young, novice, female, white, northern English ethnographer investigating the sensitive topic of student resistance (Russell, 2005:181). Spradley (1979) refers to ethnography as â€Å"the work of  describing a culture† with the aims â€Å"to understand another way of life from the native point of view†. To get more trust and reliable data of the â€Å"studied culture†, the more similarities of characteristics between the ethnographer and the researched would be an advantage because this could decrease the differences between them. With this as well, the researcher could prepare herself to adapt to the situation that she would be researching. Lisa Russell has the great advantage of her gender, nationality, use of language, size and age to naturally blend in as a member of the studied group, because ethnography relies heavily on observations of interactions and interviews with participants in naturally occurring situation. â€Å"My age helped me engage in and indeed understand discussions† (p.194). Making use of her â€Å"naivety and young age†, her own personal â€Å"reserved† disposition and her figure of being â€Å"smallness in height and build† (p.195), which is not much difference with the teenagers (Lisa mentioned her age is between 23-24 at time of researched), these personal characteristics of the ethnographer has resulted in interaction and a matter of trust that she has experienced with the students. Lisa Russell adapted the role transaction of moving into least adult role in a different way (p.193). As she recaptures her secondary years were not far behind her current phase of life, Lisa was not frightened with certain things she perceived as she was able to relate to her own schooling ‘familiarity’ during those secondary years when she describe â€Å"my novice naivety acted as a benefit when trying to manage impulsive and sometimes shocking behaviour of students† (Russell, p.182). Age also contributed to the way students react to the ethnographer along with what he or she is and is not allowed to do (Hammersley and Atkinson, 1983). This characteristic has worked in Lisa favor, as the students felt unthreatened and therefore more open to express themselves. Also because shadowing and observation is more reliable and efficient if a researcher is unnoticeable and does not affect the behavior of the focus group. Whereas in this study, Lisa’s age is at advantage to observe the researched group and efficiently gather data collection, as a young ethnographer she will face the difficulties of being Lisa being inexperienced, since a  crucial characteristic of ethnography is the characteristic of â€Å"holistic† which means interpreting the data as a whole in order to get a basis for explanation about the gathered information. Assuming that this is her first research as an ethnographer carrying out a field study, subjectivity is a limitation of ethnography. The way ethnographers interpret the field study experience will vary a lot. There is not a set list of answers to choose from but rather the use of notes made by the investigator and later interpreted and categorized by the investigator. The limitation of ethnographic research with reliability is caused by the fact that ethnographic research occurs in natural setting and focuses on processes (Wiersma 1986 and Burns 1994). The accurate replication is very difficult to achieve because an event in natural setting cannot be reproduced. While reflecting to Wiersma (1986) and Burns (1994) about the difficulties of accurate replication of findings, Lisa’s age could be a drawback, because she is a novice ethnographer with limited experience and her abilities to process and evaluate her findings and evidence (interviews, field notes and recordings) could be subjective and a challenging job for a novice. 1.2 WHEN IS A RESEARCHER NO LONGER A NOVICE? WOULD HER RESEARCH HAVE BEEN BETTER DONE BY SOMEONE WITH MORE EXPERIENCE? A novice ethnographer is a beginner researcher who just started in the field of ethnography. Like in any other career function, practice is required to become an expert in the field of choice. To make errors and mistakes will contribute to further understanding and deeper knowledge. To my understanding, a researcher is no longer a novice when the ethnographer is able to observe and participate objectively and subjectively in a field research. Additionally the ethnographer should be able to analyze and interpret the gathered data effectively. It is difficult to conclude whether an ethnographer with more experience would have done the research better. When considering the fact that Lisa took the role as a ‘participant as observer’ (Gold, 1958), she had an advantage of her characteristics: †my quiet, reserved disposition and smallness in height and build influenced the way students and teachers  related to me. I faded into the background. Students would often forget my presence; sometimes teachers and other students mistook me for a student.† (Russell, p.195). This shows that despite that at the time of research, Lisa was a novice researcher she was able to transform herself into the ‘participant as observer’ role, which gave her access to more insights and reliable information. The researched group and the ethnographer established a matter of trust and even build intense relationships (Russell, p.196). Hence, Lisa was able to collect observation and vision of the researched group. â€Å"Being a qualitative researcher, one should note the important linkages between theories and methods, reviews key qualitative methodologies, and highlights challenges and the opportunities† (Gephart, 2004). Referring to Gephart (2004), one might argue that the research data evaluation would have been analyzed and linked better by an ethnographer with more experience. Though in my opinion, a more experienced ethnographer might not have been able to collect as much insight as Lisa, because the researched group might have behave differently, so if a more experienced researcher would conduct the field work, I suggest it would be best to do it covertly. 1.3 IN THIS RESEARCH PAPER WHAT DO YOU LEARN ABOUT: A) THE RESEARCH SUBJECTS AND B) THE RESEARCHER? By critically analyzing the research paper, it informs us that the research subjects were studying at three different sites, namely: two in Birmingham and one in Sydney. As the research topic was to investigate the complex and sometimes contradictory culture(s) of student resistance to schooling (p. 181), students aged between 14-16 were selected carefully chosen by the schools. What is significant about the researched group is that they were skeptical in the beginning when Lisa arrived; it had to be made clear that Lisa would not †telltale†, nor report their behavior to teachers. Names like the â€Å"follower† and â€Å"leech† suggest that during the initial stages the students did not accept Russell as she shadowed them all around. But gradually she  managed to gain one of the most vital aspects of the study – ‘trust’. The researched group proved trust in Lisa because she witnessed inappropriate and illegal activities, such as damage of school property, theft and taking drugs. The fact that students did change their behavior means also that Lisa became invisible to the researched group. What we have learned about the novice researcher is that Lisa used an adaptive approach towards the research and considered how various aspects of her personal disposition affected her entire study. â€Å"Researchers’ reflections on their actions and observations in the field, their impressions, irritations, feelings and so on, become data in their own right, forming part of the interpretation,† (Flick, 2005:6) The researcher’s ability to build relationships and develop rapport with subjects is crucial.† (Thorpe & Holt, 2008:151) In her article, Lisa repeatedly puts an emphasis on her age and naivety, this shows that these facets of her personal characteristics contributed her to engage in discussions and activities with the students, which if she was older wouldn’t have been able to do. Her proximity to their age made it easier for both herself and the students to be able to relate and confide to each other. At the same time it was challenging for Lisa to establish the same bond with the teachers and she felt exceptionally uncomfortable in staffroom conversations. In my opinion, she put a lot of dedication and time into cognizing the narratives and behaviors of the students and failed to do the same with the teachers. Nevertheless when she progressed to the third school her â€Å"heightened confidence and greater experience’ (Russell, 2005:188) made it easier for her to relate to and interact with the teachers. 2. KAMENOU, N. (2008) RECONSIDERING WORK-LIFE BALANCE DEBATES †¦. BRITISH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, 19 S99-S109. 2.1 THE AUTHOR APPEARS TO HAVE HAD DIFFICULTIES RECRUITING INTERVIEWEES (SEE ESPECIALLY P.S102). WHY, FOR EXAMPLE, MIGHT AN ORGANIZATION WITHDRAW â€Å"FROM THE STUDY CLAIMING â€Å"RESTRUCTURING WAS IN PROGRESS†? (P.102). â€Å"Qualitative research interview seeks to cover both a factual and a meaning level, though it is usually more difficult to interview on a meaning level† (Kvale 1996, p.32). â€Å"Work-life balance means that individuals have ‘successfully’ segmented or integrated ‘life’ and work so as to achieve a satisfying quality of life, overall satisfaction and less strain or stress around juggling conflicting role demands.† (Blyton et al., 2006:2). â€Å"The work-life balance equation† (Kamenou, 2008:S99) is finding harmony between of a number of aspects ranging from career, obligations, family, pleasure and culture. In this article, the researcher argues about the topic: â€Å"on ethnic minority women’s experiences of managing their work and personal lives.† (Kamenou, 2008:S99). Nicolina Kamenou, gathered data via semi structured, in depth interviews primarily with ethnic minority females. Information of ethnic minority men, white women and white men was also collected as comparability. The researcher faced challenging difficulties in obtaining interviewees; only three out of the twenty organizations that were invited â€Å"responded positively to the invitation† (Kamenou, 2008:S102). Ensuing, one of the three organizations disengaged from the research claiming ‘restructuring was in progress’. A research by Spencer (1982) suggests that organizations may restrict access to the organization because they perceive it as a risk, which might endanger their reputation. A possible reason of withdrawal of the company is that the research topic is delicate and related to company’s policies and perspectives concerning ethnicity, culture, religion and class. By granting insights to these sensitive matters, organizations endanger themselves to harmful publicity to the organization’s reputation. A noticeable fact is that the organization that withdrew from the research †published and considered themselves leaders in diversity† (Kameno u, p.102). Hence, this research subject should be of high interest to the organization. Also cooperation to the research could have been positive publicity assuming that the company indeed was a †leader in diversity†. Hence, disengagement of the organization could be a result of hidden narratives of the company, which are not supposed to be revealed. For  example, Kamenou’s article reveals John’s opinions (black Caribbean, Application Manager, Heath Trust, age 34): ‘he did not dress in more traditional clothes because he is afraid that his colleagues might be threatened or have issues’ (Kamenou, p.106). This statement made by John could be interpreted as racism within the company, which consequently could lead to a huge scandal or even a lawsuit. Thorpe & Holt (2008) argue about the importance of informed consent. Participants in a study should be informed about the research objective, participant’s rights to confidentiality and anonymity and what will happen to the data and what parties will have access to it. I believe that when people or organizations are informed about their rights of informed consent, the number of participants in a study will increase significantly. The large finance company that withdrew from the research might have participated in the research if they could get anonymity and total secureness that the companies name would not be published. 2.2 WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PEOPLE IN ORGANIZATIONS WHERE FORMAL ACCESS HAD BEEN GRANTED AND THE â€Å"INDEPENDENT‟ GROUP? Kamenou (2008) invited 20 organizations, of which 2 organizations accepted to participate. Additionally she invited ‘independent groups’ from personal networks so that involvement of subjects from different sectors, qualifications and occupations could enrich the data. Each group would have their own various inputs to the research, and data could be more valid. Personal networking is seen as one of the best ways to get granted access to an organization Carr and Worth (2001). The main obstacle about formal access to an organization is that there might be a matter where companies ask the employees not to unveil certain information about the company or the narratives in the organization. Subsequently there is a high possibility of fear, where the employees do not want to disclose information that could threaten their jobs. However, if the case were that the employee was an acquaintance of the researcher, there would have been confidentiality between the researcher and the interviewee, which would make the interviewee more open and honest during the inquiries. According to Spradley (1979), people who feel comfortable, safe, and valued are more forthcoming than  those who are only considered as sources of information. There is definitely a difference between the interviewed groups, in particular the data richness and disclosure of information between the â€Å"people in organization where formal access had been granted† and the â€Å"‘independent’ group†¦identified through personal networking† (Kamenou, 2008, p.s102). Qualitative research interviews partly consist of open-ended questions, this allows the interviewer to question and inquire further on the answers and likewise, interviewee can share thoughts and experiences. Kamenou (2008, p.s103) argues that â€Å"the semi structured, in depth nature of interview conducted with all participants allowed them the time and space to reflect and discuss their experiences in their own words† (Harvey, 1990; O’Dwyer, 2005) and helped to reduce possible biases in the research process. 2.3 WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE AUTHOR? HOW MIGHT THE IDENTITY OF THE AUTHOR HAVE MADE A DIFFERENCE TO THE RESEARCH? In the article the author doesn’t describe herself, neither does she mention on how she could have influenced the research. The article is different from Russell’s ethnography paper, which accentuates strongly on personal observation and self-reflexivity but less on the statistical information. Analyzing her own processes during the fieldwork, Lisa claimed; â€Å"the researcher should employ a reflexive attitude to understand how the interaction between the researcher and the researched, and the researcher’s autobiography, influence the data collected† (Russell, p. 197). The identity and background of the author does have an effect on the research outcome, involving in what is called observers’ bias. Observers’ bias is referred to as the aspect to where the researchers know the objectives or the hypotheses and consequently their knowledge affects the observations and gathered data. Based on the understanding of the researcher about the issue, they will absorb the observations and interviews in which they are interested. It is also likely that researchers unintentionally adjust what they observe from the participants, and mold it to their own perspectives. Therefore, the potential risk is the possibility of misunderstanding or failure to present the accurate perceptions and opinion of participants about the research subject. A way to decrease observers’ bias and to overcome the risk of  revealing misinterpreted data is to use additional observation methods such as blind experiments, tape records, and multi-observers. Using these ‘extra’ tools during the field study could be used as evidence of validity or reused as secondary data for another study. CONCLUSION After critically analyzing both articles of Russel (2005) and Kamenou (2008), I have learned that qualitative research adopts different and various knowledge claims, research strategies, and methods of data collection and analysis. If the research processes are handled carefully it could provide a deeper understanding of the research topics. Qualitative analysis compiles the study of perception, meanings, emotions and behavior, which aim to present original, truthful insights about various human and cultural phenomena. By studying the papers and participating in the seminars, I gained insight and knowledge about the difficulties and challenges faced when carrying out a field study. The various external and internal influences have a crucial impact on qualitative studies and should not be underestimated. The article by Russel (2005) shows us a research conducted by a novice ethnographer, with emphasize on the uncertainties and challenges of her research. Contrast to Russell’s article, Kamenou’s article provides readers with her observations, interviewee’s view and personal life experience, the various responses and the causes of such behavior. I can conclude that both articles are both very interesting and significant. Despite the fact that there were some errors made during both studies, there is no fixed guideline of how to conduct a †successful’ qualitative study. In a way we will always try to understand the unknown, even though it is obvious that every individual has its own unique behavior and perspectives. BIBLIOGRAPHY Blyton, P., Blundson, B., Reed, K., & Dastmalchian, A. (2006) _Work-Life Integration: International Perspectives on the Balancing of Multiple Roles_, 1st ed. New York: PALGRAVE MACMILLIAN Burns, R.B. (1994). _Introduction to Research Methods._ Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. Carr, E., Worth, A. (2001) _The use of telephone interviews for research. Nurse research 6_: 511-525. Flick, U., (2005) _An Introduction to Qualitative Research_, 2nd ed. London : SAGE Gephart, R.P. (2004) ‘_Qualitative research and the_ _Academy of Management Journal_’, _Academy of Management Journal_, 47 (4), 454-462. Gold, R. L. (March, 1958) _Roles in Sociological Field Observations, Social Forces_, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p217 Gubrium, J.F. & Holstein, J.A. (1997) _The new language of qualitative method_. New York: Oxford Hammersley, M. and P. Atkinson (1983), Ethnography: _Principles in Practice_, London and New. York: Routledge,: page 2, 72 – 77. Harvey, L. (1990). _Critical Social Research_. London: Unwin Hyman. Jensen, Klaus B & Nicholas.W. Jankowski (1991): _Handbook of Qualitative_ _Methodologies for Mass Communication Research_. London: Routledge Kamenou, N.(2008) _Reconsidering Work-Life Balance Debates._ British Journal of Management, 19 s99-s109 Kvale, S. ,(1996) ,_’Interviews An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing_, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications,’ Paisley, P. O., & Reeves, P. M. (2001). Qualitative research in counseling. In D. C. Locke, J. E. Myers, & E. L. Herr (Eds.), _The handbook of counseling_ (pp. 481-498). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Russell, L. (2005) _It’s a question of trust: balancing the relationship between students and teachers in ethnographic fieldwork._ Qualitative Research Vol. 5 (2) 181-199 Spencer, G. (1982) _Methodological issues in the Study of Bureaucratic Elites: a case study of West Point. In Burgess, R.G. Field Research: a Sourcebook and Field Manual_. London: George Allen & Unwin. Spradley, J.P. (1979). _The Ethnographic Interview_. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Thrope, R. Holt, R. (2008) _The sage dictionary of qualitative management research._ Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications Wiersma, W. 1986. _Research Methods in Education: An Introduction._ Newton: Allyn and Bacon.

Problems and Purposes Essay

Most English as a second language teachers   find it a difficult task to implement clasroom management in a cooperative learning environment. This research will focus on identifying the classroom techniques that ESL lecturers use to effectively implement clasroom management during cooperative learning. The researcher used both the quantitative and qualitative research methods to display the managerial skills that the ESL teachers use. The repondents included   28 students and their teacher belonging to   the secondary grade five   school level program. Research shows that the student   respondent group has more English classes   than the usual ESL program. Research Information was gathered by interviewing the student respondents and observing them in their normal classroom environment. First, the researcher interviewed the teacher on her chosen classroom techniques during her cooperative learning class. She implements cooperative activities in the classroom environment.   The researcher observed the respondents in 2 separate research periods each consisting of a 75 -minute time period.   The interview shows that the ESL teacher favored the cooperative learning activities. This study   will show in detail the right techniques   to implement   to ensure a successful cooperative learning program.   The research findings would benefit the teachers who will give cooperative learning a try. INTRODUCTION: Social and Scientific Context for the Study The social and scientific context for the study is to determine the most effective classroom management procedure that would lead to a successful cooperative learning. The context will focus on the cooperative teaching of English as a second language classroom learning environment. Also, the study will touch on the effectiveness of cooperative learning as a constructive method of teaching in a classroom environment. Problems and Purposes The problem is to determine the best classroom management method for an optimum English learning environment. The purpose of this research will be to delve into the effect of the cooperative learning method in English as a second language.   Another purpose is for this research to serve as secondary resource material for the teachers, students, school administrators, community and others to learn the best classroom management procedure. For, the users of this research will learn whether cooperative learning is the best classroom learning procedure. Study Type Defined The research will focus on the use of quantitative as well as qualitative research method. The qualitative method uses professionally refereed journals and professionally –authored books as secondary resources. Quantitative method uses interview and classroom observation to complement the qualitative approach. The researcher also uses the primary source method by interviewing the students and teachers. Also, the researcher will observe a real classroom learning activity to validate the classroom interviews and the secondary resources. Research Question The research question is Can the teachers impose discipline in cooperative working activities? Audience, Purpose, and Plan for the Paper Presented The audience of this research are the education related segments. They include the students, teachers, school administrators and community.   The purpose of this study is to determine the most effective way of classroom management. This research focuses on discipline in a cooperative classroom learning environment. The plan of the paper is to focus on the use of quantitative as well as qualitative approaches research method. The research uses the survey questions as well as observing a live classroom to determine the best classroom management method. Also, this study will focus secondary materials to complement the primary study method. Another purpose of this research is to determine the one of best ways of teaching English as a second language. There are many theories on how to teach a subject in class. One such strategy to teach the students without even caring for the student’s ability to learn the lessons. This is now a thing of the past. For, the current teachers are college graduates. They have been professionally trained to apply the best teaching strategy that will make the student love AIDA. It stands for   A) increased Attendance in class, I) Interest to learn the subject at hand, D) Desire to absorb the lessons for the day, and A) Attention to the lesson being thought. This specifically applies to students in learning English as a second language. Literature Review 2.1 Classroom   Management Classroom management refers to the means used by teachers to direct their classrooms in order to create an appropriate environment for effective teaching and learning. Classroom management models includes the most interventionist in character to those that are not interventionist in character. James Dobson authored the punishment model of class management (Corrie, 2001, p. 52).   The main idea of this theory is that students who do not follow the rules of their superior or teacher will have to punished. (Brownell & Walther-Thomas, 2001, p. 31). Another classroom management strategy is to create an environment conducive to English -learning.   Currently, many schools are using the information and communicaton technologies in the classrooms. This entails the use of computers and internet in teaching the topics at hand. The computer produces an English -learning environment because the students will learn the module type lessons at their own pace. Meaning, the students will not go on to the next chapter of the classroom textbook until they have completed the study of the prior chapters of the textbook (Lim, Pek & Chai, 2005). Each chapter in the computer   E –book has an exercise which the student will have to answer online. Once the student answers one chapter exercise with a passing grade (for example chapter 8) the student can now turn to answer the exercises in another chapter (for example chapter 9). This type of classroom learning is described as task –oriented and reflective (Lim, Teo, Wong, Khine, Chai & Divaharan, 2003). Many companies like Pearson computer publishing offers such computer based textbooks to schools. The teacher can effectively implement non -punishment level classroom discipline. The non -punishment model includes giving rewards to students who excel in class. Excellence in class could be in the area of most number of attendance, highest grade in class, best in recitation, best in essay writing, best in math, best in each subject, etc. The rewards could be announcing the deserving students as the first honor, second honor, best in math, best in Physical Education and others in annual school recognition activities. Definitely, the teacher can effectively implement classroom discipline (Traynor, 2003). The teacher can effectively implement punishment level classroom discipline. First, the teacher could punish the English learning student by giving him or her a failing grade for cheating. Or, the teacher can suspend the student for slight misbehaviour like shouting vulgar words at his or her classmates incessantly. Also, the teacher can Expel the student for very bad classroom behaviour like slapping his or her classmate or slamming a chair on his classmate during the English learning class.